DEPRESSION
Depression is a common mood disorder characterised by low mood, which goes beyond the usual sadness or frustration that we all occasionally experience when facing the challenges and setbacks of everyday life.
Depression can range from mild to severe and typically limits a person’s capacity to enjoy life and see hope in the future. When more serious, it can detract from their ability to look after themselves and function day-to-day.
There are several factors that contribute to any person suffering from the condition. These may be genetic (coming from a family where one or more other family members have experienced depression) or linked to adverse childhood experiences such as abuse or neglect.
Difficult experiences such as bereavement, relationship breakdown, and job loss/instability can also contribute to depression.
SIGNS OF DEPRESSION
Depression affects everyone differently and can affect thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
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It is important to distinguish between depression and sadness that may arise from specific life events such as bereavement, relationship breakdown, or job loss/instability. While sadness is a natural response to such situations, depression is a more pervasive and persistent condition that affects daily functioning and overall well-being.
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Persistent Sadness: Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless most of the day, nearly every day.
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Loss of Interest or Pleasure: A significant decrease in interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day.
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Changes in Appetite or Weight: Significant weight loss when not dieting, weight gain, or a decrease or increase in appetite.
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Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or excessive sleeping nearly every day.
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Fatigue or Loss of Energy: Feeling tired and having a lack of energy almost every day.
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Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt: Excessive or inappropriate guilt and feelings of worthlessness.
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Difficulty Thinking or Concentrating: Trouble making decisions, thinking clearly, or concentrating.
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Physical Symptoms: Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatment.
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How to Support Depressive Symptoms
Both self-help and professional help can play vital roles in supporting individuals with depression. Self-help strategies, such as maintaining a regular exercise routine, practising mindfulness, and establishing structured daily activities, can empower individuals and help alleviate mild to moderate symptoms of depression. These strategies are accessible, cost-effective, and provide a sense of control over one's mental health.
On the other hand, professional help offers the expertise of trained therapists and medical professionals who can provide evidence-based treatments tailored to the individual's specific needs. This may include therapy, medication management, or a combination of approaches. Seeking professional help is especially important for those with severe depression or complex mental health issues, ensuring comprehensive care and support.
Useful Media
Additional resources
Professional Resources for Depression
• MIND (www.mind.org.uk) is the UK’s main mental health charity and provides information on symptoms and treatment options regarding depression and other common mental health issues.
• The NHS (www.nhs.uk) main website features information on clinical depression, including an online self-assessment.
• The Royal College of Psychiatrists (www.rcpsych.ac.uk) provides a range of leaflets on depression, including depression in men and older adults. These can also be accessed in different languages.
• The Mental Health Foundation at www.mentalhealth.org.uk has an in-depth leaflet on managing mental health at work and supporting those with mental health difficulties.
Further useful information for those experiencing Depression
• Depression UK (www.depressionuk.org) provides information for people suffering from depression and can help them access a private Facebook group or penfriend scheme to connect with others living with the condition.
• Samaritans (www.samaritans.org) is a UK charity that provides emotional support to anyone in crisis or at risk of suicide. Their telephone helpline (116 123) operates 24 hours a day 365 days a year, and they also offer support through text, e-mail, and letter.
• Suicide Stop International Help Center www.suicidestop.com provides details of similar helplines in other countries.